Table 1 Different kinds of upscaling. From Lam et al. (2020)

Amplifying within—doing the same initiative longer or faster

Stabilising

Strengthening and more deeply embedding initiatives in their context, making them more resilient to upcoming challenges and ensuring that they last longer

Speeding up

Increasing the pace by which initiatives create impact or are brought to fruition

Amplifying out—doing the same initiative in a similar or dissimilar context

Growing

The expansion of the impact range [and the] initiative works in the same way across a geographical location, organisation, or sector

Replicating

Copying an initiative to a dissimilar context

Amplifying out—doing a similar initiative in a similar or dissimilar context

Transferring

Taking an initiative and implementing a similar but independent one in a different place, adapted to the new but similar local context

Spreading

Disseminating core principles and approaches to other places with a dissimilar context

Amplifying beyond—changing rules and values

Scaling up

Impact higher institutional levels by changing the rules or logics of incumbent regimes.

Scaling deep

Change in values and mindsets