Table 3 Case study cities in Cambodia

• Population: around 150,000 (2024)^a

• Trade and economic hub, culturally significant, agricultural center

• First city in Cambodia that has an approved Urban Land-Use Master Plan in 2015

• Rapid urbanisation, with new infrastructure investments (roads and sanitary landfill)

• Solid waste management improvements underway, under a new Masterplan for Solid Waste Management (2022)

• Vulnerable to climate change

• Awarded by Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) as one of the first Eco-Sustainable Cities

• Population: around 156,000 (2024)^a

• Port city important for trade and tourism, and located within the Sihanoukville Provincial Special Economic Zone

• Rapid urbanisation, with major foreign investment in construction, tourism, and manufacturing

• New infrastructure investments (roads, wastewater treatment plant and landfill)

• High vulnerability to climate change

• Strategically important to Cambodia as an Association of ASEAN pilot Smart City

• Politically sensitive due to land tenure issues, environmental impacts